Canada ignores Arctic infrastructure: veteran ice pilot

The ice pilot for the 50-metre-long yacht, the Latitude, author of the ice pilot’s Bible, the 2010 Ice Navigation Manual, did manage to guide the vessel through this summer’s heavy ice-clogged waters to Cambridge Bay — for his 15th transit of the Northwest Passage.

But veteran ice pilot Patrick Toomey didn’t have anything good to say about Canada’s Arctic maritime infrastructure efforts as he sat Sept. 13 on the bridge of the privately-owned yacht, docked near Cambridge Bay’s aging fuel tank farm and sealift marshalling area.

The federal government could do “a hell of a lot more” about improving infrastructure in the Canadian Arctic, Toomey said during our talk.

Toomey slammed what he called Arctic “grandstanding” by politicians such as Prime Minister Stephen Harper, who visited the north Baffin community of Pond Inlet with other federal officials this past August at the same time that the Latitude called there.

“Then they go home and forget about it,” Toomey said of the Tories’ annual event in the Arctic.

As of Sept. 13, the Latitude had been sitting in Cambridge Bay for four days waiting for the arrival of more fuel — which was finally transported to the tank farm via a pipe connected to a tanker sitting in the bay.

Patrick Toomey, ice navigator, at the bridge of the Latitude. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

Patrick Toomey, ice navigator, at the bridge of the Latitude. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

Most ships transiting the Northwest Passage either don’t need to fuel up in Cambridge Bay or they require less fuel than the Latitude, Toomey said.

The Latitude is the first vessel of its size to arrange for a 40,000 litres of fuel in the western Nunavut hub, he said.

Toomey was happy that his yacht would be refueled later that day. But he said it’s ridiculous that fuel and cargo is still delivered to Arctic communities the same way it was delivered in 1968.

A tug brings containers to shore in Cambridge Bay. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

A tug brings containers to shore in Cambridge Bay. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

That’s when Toomey, now 80, first began sailing around the Arctic.

During his long career, he served as captain on nine Canadian icebreakers and six Russian ones, and retired from the Canadian Coast Guard 23 years ago. He retired because he said he was frustrated with the federal government’s decision to cancel the Polar 8 icebreaker project in 1990.

And Canada still doesn’t invest in enough icebreakers, refueling points, charts, docks or ports of refuge in the Arctic, he said.

Toomey, who rattled off an impressive number of trips through the Northwest Passage and the Northern Sea Route, has also logged 33 trips to Antarctica, where a body of water was named “Toomey Strait” after him.

Over the past two years, he visited Cambridge Bay while serving as an ice pilot on the Michaela Rose and on the World, a mega-yacht.

In 2016, Toomey will make a return voyage through the Northwest Passage, with the 13-deck 69,000-tonne Crystal Serenity and its 1,070 passengers and 665-member crew.

Toomey is already working with Crystal Cruises to prepare for that voyage.

But any vessel in the Northwest Passage should be staffed by a skilled ice pilot, Toomey said.

The Latitude at dock in Cambridge Bay. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

The Latitude at the dock in Cambridge Bay. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)said.

And he said there should be a way to keep the Northwest Passage free of poorly equipped vessels or reckless adventurers, like group of Americans who tried to travel through the passage on jet skis for a reality television show and then required a rescue.

Either that, or lay charges against such people when they require help from an icebreaker, Toomey said.

As well, he’d like to see the International Marine Organization’s Polar Code adopted.

This code for ships operating in polar waters would cover design, construction, equipment, training, search and rescue, and environmental protection matters “relevant to ships operating in the inhospitable waters surrounding the two poles,” the IMO says.

And the Polar Code would come into effect in 2016 — four years after the original target delivery date — to replace voluntary regulations in place since 2002.

The code would supplement existing mandatory regulations in place in the Arctic and Antarctic, and apply to a wide variety of ships, including sealift vessels and cruise ships.

Russia is far ahead of Canada already in training ice navigators and developing infrastructure, Toomey said.

As for the Northwest Passage, this waterway will be used more often, he said, because it’s simply the shortest way to get from Europe to North America.

Toomey said ice conditions still vary greatly from year to year. This past August, Toomey guided the Latitude, which does not have an ice-class hull, through “bad ice,”  and, at one point, the Coast Guard icebreaker, Pierre Radisson, piloted by one of his former students, helped guide the Latitude through dense fog.

As the yacht sailed slowly, at one to three knots, its eight passengers, which included Singaporean business magnate Anil Thadani, the owner of the Latitude, saw 18 polar bears, including many females with cubs.

Trisha Ogina, Jerry Puglik, Tetra Otokiak and Pam Gross of Cambridge Bay preform Sept. 12 aboard the luxury yacht, the Latitude, which was awaiting refueling in Cambridge Bay. (PHOTO COURTESY OF THE KITIKMEOT HERITAGE SOCIETY)

Trisha Ogina, Jerry Puglik, Tetra Otokiak and Pam Gross of Cambridge Bay preform Sept. 12 aboard the luxury yacht, the Latitude, which was awaiting refueling in Cambridge Bay. (PHOTO COURTESY OF THE KITIKMEOT HERITAGE SOCIETY)

Thadani and his guests were keen on photographing wildlife, but while in Cambridge Bay, they toured around the town also and hired local drummers and dancers to perform for them.

The Latitude departed Cambridge Bay for Nome, Alaska late Sept. 13 and plans to end its leisurely Arctic cruise sometime in October in Seattle, before heading to the South Pacific.

Look for more posts from Cambridge Bay, Nunavut.

Recent posts on A date with Siku girl include:

New roof, new life for CamBay’s old stone church

Two Arctic ships, two explorers: Franklin and Amundsen

Today, Arctic explorers take cruise ships

New roof, new life for CamBay’s old stone church

An old stone church, a landmark in the western Nunavut community of Cambridge Bay, celebrated its 60th anniversary — and new roof — with a barbecue Sept. 12, just two days shy of the anniversary date of its first mass: Sept. 14, 1954.

Here you can see the new roof of the old stone church and the plywood now covering the windows. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

Here you can see the new roof of the old stone church and the plywood now covering its windows. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

Father André Pierre Marie Steinmann, an Oblate missionary much better known for his years in northern Quebec, built the church, which had fallen into disrepair.

But this past summer Cambridge Bay Coast Guard auxiliary was able to carry out $100,000-worth of renovation work, which is still not complete.

And they undertook the project with no government assistance — raising the needed money only through fundraising.

“Rocks and mortar — we knew we could do it on our own,” said Wilf Wilcox, a local businessman and member of the local Roman Catholic congregation. “We had the blessing of the community and the church.

And we didn’t want any red-tape.”

Wilcox’s mother, Bella, who attended the Sept. 12 BBQ, is among those who still remember when the church was used.

Nine parishioners attended its first mass on Sept. 14, 1954.

Ida Neglak sits in front of the newly-renovated old stone church.  (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

Ida Neglak sits in front of the newly-renovated old stone church. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

After Father Steinmann’s arrival in Cambridge Bay from northern Quebec in 1953, he worked with local parishioners and two fellow missionaries, Fathers Lemer and Menez, to build the church.

Their materials: seal oil and clay as mortar and broken rocks for the walls — plentiful around Cambridge Bay.

Built for warmth, the church retained heat with an insulating layer of caribou fur between two layers of stone walls.

But soon after its completion, Father Steinmann left the western Arctic.

After several attempts to reconstruct the crumbling structure — not easy because of the original mortar used, vandals set fire to the church in 2006.

A cross on a wall in front of the old stone church. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

A cross on a wall in front of the old stone church. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

While the roof and interior burned completely that day, snow still clung to the outside as the fire blazed and didn’t melt, due to the insulation from the double walls and fur lining.

The stone church isn’t the only legacy of Father Steinmann to be found today in Cambridge Bay.

In 1954, Father Steinmann purchased the Eagle, a small longline fishing boat, said to have been towed from Tuktoyaktok to Cambridge Bay, leaking all the way.

Father Steinmann's boat, the Eagle, as it sits today in Cambridge Bay. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

Father Steinmann’s boat, the Eagle, as it sits today in Cambridge Bay. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

When the Eagle arrived, Steinmann had left for northern Quebec, where he had already spent the years between 1938 and the early 1950s, in Wakeham Bay (now Kangiqsujuaq), Sugluk (now Salluit) and Koartak (now Quaqtaq).

There’s no record of what he intended to use the Eagle for, so the boat stayed on the beach, not far from the semi-submerged hulk of the Maud, once sailed by Norwegian Roald Amundsen, the first European adventurer to successfully voyage through the Northwest Passage.

In the Nunavik community of Puvirnituq, then called Povungnituk or POV, Father Steinmann and Pitaaluk, the tall, Inuktitut-speaking Hudson’s Bay Co. manager Peter Murdoch, worked with Inuit living in camps around today’s community to set up a new way of trading and buying goods — which would eventually grow into today’s co-operatives in Nunavik and serve as an inspiration to those in Nunavut.

During the 1950s and 1960s, Father Steinmann encouraged artists, such as the great artist Davidialuk Alasuak, to portray Inuit legends and humour in his carvings and prints.

Father Steinmann himself was said to have owned “the best examples of erotic Eskimo carvings to be found in the world,” according to an article on Inuit art and co-operatives by anthropologist Nelson Graburn, which was published in the journal Museum Anthropology in 2000.

Father Steinmann’s cramped quarters were said to be crammed with “mythological carvings and humorous nudes.”

Some say Father Steinmann’s earthiness was intended to draw Inuit away from the strait-laced Anglicans towards Roman Catholicism.

But others in Puvirnituq have told me that Steinmann, like some other Oblate missionaries and Roman Catholic priests, including Eric Dejaeger, sentenced this Sept. 12,  was banished from northern Quebec after he had abused youth there.

This practice he picked up again on his return to the region, according to many in that Hudson Bay community, and one which produced a legacy of child sex abuse.

Cambridge Bay Catholics now worship at our Lady of the Arctic, built in the 1970s.  They hope the old stone church will be used for special events, such weddings or baptisms.

Look for further posts from A date with Siku girl from Cambridge Bay.

Recent posts include:

Two Arctic ships, two explorers, Franklin and Amundsen

Today, Arctic explorers take cruise ships

Parts of this post were previously published in a Nunatsiaq News feature from 2011.

A view of the church with its new roof on. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

A view of the church with its new roof. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)