Like an iceberg, 1996, more “At the edge of the world”

Like an iceberg, 1996: more “At the edge of the world”

June in Pond Inlet meant going out on the land. Long wooden qamutik sleds were attached to skidoos, then lashed down with gear. They took off down Eclipse Sound, one by one.

A heavily-laden komatik pulled by a snowmobile heads out of Pond Inlet on the ice in the mid-1990s. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

A heavily-laden komatik pulled by a snowmobile heads out of Pond Inlet on the ice in the mid-1990s. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

Snowmobiling over the ice was wet business. In June 1996, when I was in Pond Inlet for my second visit, this time in late June, we plowed through pools of turquoise water with a thin layer of ice on top.

Occasionally a water-filled lead in the ice stopped our progress. When possible, we shot over it on the snowmobile. Other times, we took the qamutik and sent it over the crack first. Heavily-loaded, its back end almost tipped and fell into the water.

Finally, after a few hours of travel, approaching the floe edge, beyond Bylot Island, the air turned moist, and while gulls had been flying around, suddenly, there were many other birds.  The air was heavy. Steam rose from the edge where water met the ice. Reaching the floe edge was like arriving at the edge of the world. Beyond the ice, blue water seemed to go on forever, to somewhere — or nowhere.

 

At the flow edge off Bylot Island. Narwhals surface to the night. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

At the flow edge off Bylot Island. Narwhals surface to the night. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

At about 8 p.m. on the following evening we were standing outside our tents, talking in the sun. Our faces are slathered in suntan lotion.

We camped out only a few steps from the point where salty, slushy water met a thick plate of slowly rotting sea ice. Shadowy mountains in the distance, an expanse of ice and the sky filled the vista, all in shades of blue and white. In Inuktitut, I recalled that blue and green are the same word.

Being there was like being at the hub of life, as sun, water, ice, people and animals passed the long days in motion. Camping on the ice, we spotted seals who dipped into their holes in the ice as we approached. Black and white murres sped out like city commuters every morning past the floe edge towards the open water, hordes of them, all in a hurry, and returned in equal haste in the late evening.

Our komatik and snowmobile by the towering cliffs of Bylot Island, home to hundreds and thousands of migratory birds. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

Our komatik and snowmobile by the towering cliffs of Bylot Island, home to hundreds and thousands of migratory birds. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

Not far from our camp, a family set up two tents. Children played in a rowboat pulled up on the ice. A couple of snowmobiles with sleds were in back. It was…a holiday scene on ice. And as we stood there outside the tents, one of my companions became silent.

“I hear a narwhal,” he said.

There, in the open water I spotted the narwhal’s large, oval shape, gliding by, looking like a log on the water, 2,000 kilometres north of the tree line.

Panuli, our guide from the Toonoonik Sahoonik Co-op, was in the cooking tent.

“I see a whale!” I ran in to tell him in Inuktitut. Panuli stuck his head out of the tent, but then went back inside, maybe in frustration.

Hunters waited for days to see  a narwhal within such short range. Panuli had his gun, but he was not allowed to hunt when he was out with a group.

I knew he liked to eat narwhal mataaq  — he dug up a plastic garbage bag buried in the ice the other night where he stored his country foods and sliced me some.

We watched the narwhal as it disappeared, then resurfaced, finally flipping its tail into the air and diving deep below the surface. We never saw its tusk.

We didn’t catch up either with the polar bear that left giant paw prints along the floe edge. We saw lots of seals, and occasionally Panuli got out his gun and focus on them, but he never shot.

“Too old, too big,” he said. apologetically. “Baby seals, now, they’re the good ones.”

Not cute, he meant, but delectable. Like murre or snow geese eggs. After a long, dark winter, being out on the ice was like wandering in a succulent, frozen garden:  We admired the wildlife, Panuli appreciated their taste.

Panuli stands near the komatik which takes us out to the floe edge. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

Panuli stands near the komatik that takes us out to the floe edge. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

We all dined on char, rice and cookies in the tent. With constant sun, our schedule was erratic and a late supper at 10:30 p.m. was not out of the question. I fell asleep later in the tent, then when I woke up — and it was still bright enough to read.

I fiddled with my watch, trying to make sense of what time it was, in a place where time really didn’t matter. Outside, wind was blowing off the water and I finally fell back asleep to the sound of crashing ice.

The next day found me standing on the top of a ledge somewhere on Bylot Island. In the distance, against a sunny, deep blue sky, was a view of mountains streaked with lines of still-frozen snow.

It was totally quiet. The only sound is the powerful beating of my heart.

I looked down to the valley below me, at the wide rocky river bed, edged by enormous sandstone forms. Panuli called me to join him at the bottom. The steep slope looked suddenly very scary.

“Help me!” I cried to him in Inuktitut.

Panuli scrambled up, and hand-in-hand we half slid, half ran down. At the bottom, I measured the full height of those natural, sandstone forms called “hoodoos.” They were towering above me.

In the hoodoos of Bylot Island, I see many shapes, forms. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

In the hoodoos of Bylot Island, I see many shapes, forms. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

For the past few days, we’d been talking about coming here — but I thought maybe there was one hoodoo or maybe two, not this hidden valley of giant pillars.

I suddenly remembered that we left our companions somewhere on the top of the ledge as we raced along.

Panuli went back up, and then, I was totally alone with the hoodoos.

Africans used to call these land- form oddities hoodoos because they thought they contained the spirits of animals and evil demons. Hoodoos looked like “stone babies” to Amerindians and “fairy chimneys” to ancient Turks.

Looking around, I saw stars at the top of hoodoos, crosses and crescents, the bulbous, onion-shapes of Russian Orthodox churches.

I saw a narwhal and what looked like the rounded haunches of a Stone Age fertility goddess. All the deepest, most universal shapes of humankind seemed to be reflected in these wind-carved shapes.

The sun shone out from behind the line of hoodoos, casting long shadows along the valley floor.

The return of Panuli with the others did little to end my reverie. Icy river water coming from the mountains moved quickly over the rocks, like music, drowning our conversation.

I finally climbed back up, stopping for a last view over the valley before beginning the hike back to our camp. We’d set up camp on the ice, not far from a smaller group of hoodoos, many inscribed with Inuktitut syllabics. “Matteusi,” a common boy’s name, was etched into one.

I sprawled on the shore on the buoyant cushion of tiny Arctic willows that covered the ground. Small purple flowers surrounded us, while a snow bunting chirped not far away. I looked over Eclipse Sound, to the thin, blue-white line of mountains in the distance.

I experienced the same perfect feeling looking down from the top of Mt. Herodier, a few kilometres outside Pond Inlet.

On a clear day you can see Mt. Herodier from Pond Inlet. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

On a clear day you can see 434-metre-high Mt. Herodier from Pond Inlet. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

After climbing up steep, rocky slopes, we reached the summit, marked by a small cairn. The view took in Bylot Island, rugged cliffs to the other side and a dizzying descent to the frozen surface of Eclipse Sound. The huge cracks in the ice that we crossed to get here looked small.

Midway down, we stopped, sitting in silence in the sun. A stream had opened under the rocks and we listened to the water. Tiny yellow flowers were opening up between the rocks, and last year’s Arctic cotton, with soft tufts like dandelions, was emerging from the quickly melting snow.

A slight smell of moss was in the air. Below us, a vast beach of rounded stones, left by an ancient glacial river. Many were piled into traditional Inuit graves at the bottom of the mountain. At that moment, I was glad to be alive.

The next blog instalment of “Like an iceberg” goes live May 1.

Missed the first part of “At the edge of the world”? Read it here.

Previous posts can be found here:

Like an iceberg: on being a journalist in the Arctic

Like an iceberg, 1991…cont.

Like an iceberg, 1991…more

Like an iceberg, 1992, “Shots in the dark” 

Like an iceberg, 1992, “Sad stories”

Like an iceberg, 1993, “Learning the language of the snows”

Like an iceberg, 1993 cont., “Spring”

Like an iceberg, 1993 cont., “Chesterfield Inlet”

Like an iceberg, 1993 cont., more “Chesterfield Inlet”

Like an iceberg, 1994: “Seals and more”

Like an iceberg, 1994, cont., “No news is good news”

Like an iceberg, 1994 cont., more “No news is good news”

Like an iceberg, 1994 cont., “A place with four names”

Like an iceberg, 1995, “More sad stories”

Like an iceberg, 1995 cont., “No place like Nome”

Like an iceberg, 1995 cont., “Greenland”

Like an iceberg, 1995, cont. “Secrets”

Like an iceberg, 1996, “Hard Lessons”

Like an iceberg, 1996 cont., “Working together”

Like an iceberg, 1996 cont., “At the edge of the world”

At the edge of the world in June 1996. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

Near the edge of the world in June 1996. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

Like an iceberg, 1994: “Seals and more”

Like an iceberg, 1994: “Seals and more”

I decided to return to Pangnirtung in the middle of February 1994. The sun had just begun to come back into this Baffin Island community. For months, the sun had lingered below the horizon. Now it was rising higher every day.

Pangnirtung fiord in February 1994. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

Pangnirtung fiord in February 1994. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

In mid-afternoon, a bit of sun peeked over the ridge of the mountains, casting long shadows in town. Most of the day, the snow-covered mountains still hovered in a perennial dawn. They were pinkish, with constantly changing flashes of yellow. I never tired of this vista. One day, we took a walk out on the frozen fiord, among the blocks of ice that created a cold, white forest.

Margaret Karpik, the director of the Visitors Centre, took me to visit her mother, Ida Karpik, a well-known artist: I was doing a report for CBC radio on the revival of sealskin trade.

Ida and a few other local women were gathered in the qammaq, a traditional tent-like structure, to work sealskins and sew. On its ceiling and walls, old newspapers and catalogues had been glued, helter-skelter, for wallpaper. In the corner, in the stone qulliq lamp a low fire burns. Moss was used as the wick, seal oil as the fuel.

Margaret Karpik (left), with her mother Ida Karpik (right), in the women's qammaq in February 1994. Karpik, a renowned artist, died in 2002 at 63. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

Margaret Karpik (left), with her mother Ida Karpik (right), in the women’s qammaq in February 1994. Karpik, a renowned artist, died in 2002 at 63. (PHOTO BY JANE GEORGE)

With Margaret helping to translate, Ida explained why sealskin was ideal for clothes, especially for jackets or boots that are warm in the cold and waterproof in the damp weather.

The hard work it takes to make sealskin into clothes is worth it, she said. I also spent a peaceful afternoon scraping a skin, watching her and the other women work and listening to their conversation.

In Pangnirtung, two local men were also trying to revive trade in sealskins. Only 15 years earlier, the market for sealskins had been strong, but that was before environmental lobby groups protested against the annual seal hunt and the United States slapped a ban on the import of sealskins. From Baffin Island alone, Inuit used to sell 15,000 sealskins. By the mid-1990s, not even a tenth of that amount were sold.

But Jaypeetee Akpalialuk and Michael Murphy told me they were planning to send skins over to Hokkaido, in Japan, where the Ainu, the indigenous people of northern Japan, would use them in their clothing and handicrafts. Akpalialuk  was then the mayor of Pangnirtung. Without seal meat, he told me, Inuit would never have been able to live in the North. It would be too cold without sealskin clothes to wear, and seal to eat, he said.

“When you’re out on the land and the temperature is -40, you don’t have time to eat, but your body needs energy. It needs energy and you have to be warm. So, when we eat raw seal meat when it’s very cold, your body starts to get warm. Seal meat is very rich, and seal meat is the best thing in the North,” he said. “And sealskin is one of the best clothing you can have. You can wear it in summer, in winter. You can wear it just about anywhere. It’s waterproof, it lasts a long time, it’s one of the best materials you can have for clothing.”

Akpalialuk said critics of the seal hunt have it all wrong: Their seal harvest doesn’t even make a dent in the population.

“As Inuit, too, we’ve never been over-killing any species up here. Outsiders have been harvesting our species. Europeans came over to Baffin Island in the 1800’s and over-killed the bowhead. We never overkill. We always managed the resources according to our knowledge,” he said.

And Inuit aren’t inhumane, either, he said. They don’t kill seals like Newfoundlanders: They nearly always just shoot them quickly with a gun.

Although the elder Etooangat had told me Inuit also used to hunt seals with hooks, one thing was certain: The seal ban had been a disaster for his community.

“Most Inuit were depending on hunting sealskins for a living, it was the major income for Inuit. Once the market was killed, people suffered. There’s not too many jobs up here, they couldn’t buy food, purchase equipment, so some of them had to depend on welfare. The way I see it, the government of Canada didn’t do too much about it. I guess they didn’t care,” Akpalialuk said.

Akpalialuk and Murphy took me to the sealift container where they were storing sealskins. Murphy, then a singer and local cable television company owner, said he thought that Canadians are ready for sealskin.

“This whole veil of anger at the sealing trade is beginning to lift,” Murphy said. “And I believe that Canadians are distinguishing between the major company and the small guy who is taking the meat for his family, and now, you can have his skins. Isn’t it fair and just that a man should be able to use that product without throwing it in the dump? It’s a sustainable, renewable resource when harvested properly.”

But their project to renew the sealskin trade never took off. Two years later, Akpalialuk was dead. He drowned in a drainage ditch in Kuujjuaq, while intoxicated — his death one of a string of alcohol-related deaths that year which led this Nunavik community to clamp down on liquor sales. Murphy ended up in Ottawa, where, at one time, he faced charges of arson connection with the burning of a small privately-owned fish plant in Pangnirtung.

The timeless triangle of the mountains at the end of Pangnirtung’s fiord remains the same, and Inuit continue to face obstacles to marketing sealskins abroad.

And everyone still takes seal hunting seriously.

“The seals are on the ice” was one of the first phrases I ever learned in Inuktitut.

“But never say that unless you mean it,” a friend warned me. “Because everyone in the room will jump up and run out!”

The next instalment of “Like an iceberg” goes live April 15.

You can read the first blog entry of “Like an iceberg” from April 2 here.

You can read previous instalments here:

Like an iceberg: on being a journalist in the Arctic

Like an iceberg, 1991…cont.

Like an iceberg, 1991…more

Like an iceberg, 1992, “Shots in the dark” 

Like an iceberg, 1992, “Sad stories”

Like an iceberg, 1993, “Learning the language of the snows”

Like an iceberg, 1993 cont., “Spring”

Like an iceberg, 1993 cont., “Chesterfield Inlet”

Like an iceberg, 1993 cont., more “Chesterfield Inlet”